The second caliph of the time of Hazrat Umar Short history and biography:
Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him)
He was a close friend of Muhammad and a special adviser to Abu Bakr Siddiq. He is known in the history of Islam for his bravery and justice. Hazrat Umar Ibn Al-Khattab or Hazrat Umar Farooq was the most influential and powerful companion of the Holy Prophet. When he converted to Islam, the Muslims became stronger.
He started praying openly in Makkah (House of Allah). Hazrat Umar Farooq Ibn Al-Khattab was a role model of Islamic teachings. Thousands of his family converted to Islam. The Roman ambassador was also impressed by his character and converted to Islam. He invited his commanders to Islam before the war.
The first post office system;
Hazrat Umar established the first postal system in the Islamic states called Diwan-e-Arid. It set up several post office stations at appropriate locations in all Islamic states. Hazrat Umar (RA) registered many servants for this department. They were moving public and official posts and letters from one place to another. It was the first regular communications department of the Islamic states.
Government Treasury Basis:
Hazrat Umar was a good administrator. He established the first public treasury in his family. The second caliph established a central treasury office in Medina. Then, he set up provincial treasury offices in all the provinces. The revenue of the provincial governments was used to collect these offices. Provincial officials spend the money they need. The provincial governments deposited the extra money in the central treasury office. He appointed loyal / dutiful people on the duty of treasury. Thus Hazrat Umar (RA) rang
Extended And the central government strengthened the Muslims.
Launch of the Islamic calendar;
Hazrat Umar (RA) had regularized many things in his time. The Islamic calendar is also one of his achievements. He prepared and issued an Islamic calendar for Muslims during his time. People were using the Christian calendar these days. The Islamic calendar was well received by the people. Justice for all. A great service of Hazrat Umar (RA) was only for everyone. He introduced an ideal judiciary system in his expertise. Omar provided easy and quick justice to all. He appointed a Chief Justice to oversee all provincial and local courts. The Chief Justice and other judges were free to make decisions. They were making decisions in the light of Qur'an and Hadith. The caliph had the power to appoint judges himself. Hazrat Umar (RA) gave him many privileges. They were paid a reasonable salary.
Accountability Bureau:
Omar established another academic department, known as the Accountability Bureau. The department was responsible for the moral accountability of government employees. Police and prison departments worked under the supervision of the Accountability Bureau. Issuance of Islamic currency. In those days, Islamic states did not have Islamic currency People were using Iranian or other foreign gold and bronze currency for trade. Hazrat Omar (RA) introduced Islamic currency for trade for the first time. In this way, the trade of Islamic states and other related things became stronger.
Welfare schemes and agrarian reforms:
Omar worked day and night for the welfare of his people. He used to visit towns and villages on a daily basis to know the problems of the people. The second caliph solved many public problems during his reign. It has built many canals for drinking and agricultural water. The Suspended Canal (Canal Suspended) and the Amir al-Mu'min Canal (Caliph Canal) are the famous canals of his time.
Hazrat Omar (RA) promoted agriculture and achieved the desired goals in the field of agriculture. Won the war The reign of the second caliph, Hazrat Umar, is full of conquests. He conquered many countries in his time. The caliph conquered Syria and Egypt during his reign. Some famous conquests are described in later paragraphs. Iranian Conquests Some issues and revolts between the Roman and Iranian governments took place during the reign of the first caliph, Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq. Therefore, the second caliph, Hazrat Umar, paid full attention to these issues. He prepared and sent his Muslim army to Iraq under the command of Hazrat Abu Ubaidah to support Hazrat Masani bin Harith. On the other hand, the king of Iran sent two of his commanders, Nami and Jaban (name), to Iraq to take part in the war against the Muslims. A brief history of some of the notable battles is given below.
1) Murak Gha Al-Arq (War) Raq). The army of the Muslim commander Hazrat Abu Ubaidah fought with the army of the Iranian commander Jaban at Gharaq (Maqam) in 643 AD. Commander Jaban fought bravely but lost the battle. The Muslim soldiers grabbed Jaban and put him in jail. However, Muslim soldiers could recognize Jaban and set him free in exchange for two slaves.
2,Jang Kaskar (Jang Kaskar) Another Iranian commander, Narmi, concentrated his forces on Kaskar (the place) to help Jaban. The Muslim commander Abu Ubaidah learned of Nami's army. He led his army towards Kaskar and fought gently. Abu Ubaidah defeated the Iranian army there.
3) Battle of Hasir (Battle of Hasir) In 634 AD, a battle took place between Muslims and Iranian armies on the Euphrates River at Mardan Shah (Maqam). Hazrat Abu Ubaidah was a young Muslim commander in this war. He ignored the suggestions of his experienced senior generals and built a bridge over the Euphrates. The young commander crossed the river and attacked the Iranian forces. The Iranian army used elephants in this war. Fearful of the Iranian elephants, the horses of the Muslim army and the Muslims could not fight with all their might.Commander Abu Ubaidah was wounded in the battle and panic spread in the Muslim army. The Muslim soldiers left the paradise field and fled. When Abu Ubaidah saw the Muslim soldiers, he cut the ropes of the bridge to prevent them from leaving the battlefield. About 6,000 soldiers drowned at sea. Abu Ubaidah saved about three thousand soldiers. This bridge was built on the fence. That is why this war was named after this bridge.
4) Battle of Laubib (Battle of Laubib) When Hazrat Umar (RA) learned of the defeat of the Muslims, he sent an additional army under the command of Hazrat Jaridah bin Abdullah (RA) to support Abu Ubaidah Masni (RA). Masni (RA) encouraged his army to fight against the Iranians. Ali, the Iranian commander, sent Mehran Hamdani on the instructions of Queen Puran Dakht. Both armies were concentrated on both sides of the Euphrates River. When the Iranian forces crossed the river, Masni attacked them and killed Mehran.
5) Qudsia War (Qudsia War) After the defeat in the Lub War, many problems arose in Iran. The Iranian people overthrew the government of Queen Puran Dukht and made her brother Yazdgard Bayezhard king of Iran. Commander Rustam took command of the Iranian army. When Hazrat Umar (RA) found out, he declared jihad against the Iranians. He invited senior companions Hazrat Talha, Zubair, Hazrat Abdul Rahman bin Uf to participate in this jihad. The second caliph, Hazrat Umar, sent Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqas to Iran as the commander of the Islamic army. A delegation of fourteen comrades made three conditions to the Yazd Guard before the war: accept Islam. Pay Jizya (tax) to Muslims and the third condition was war. The Yazd Guard accepted the third condition of the war and sent 100,000 troops under the command of Commander Ali. Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqas (RA) was ill during this war. However, he used to convey his war orders to the group commanders on the battlefield through Hazrat Khalid bin Arqa. The Iranian army seriously resisted on the first day of the war. The next day, however, the Muslim army put black clothes on the faces of their camels and threw them into the battlefield. The elephants of the Iranian army fled in fear of the camels. Commander Rustam also fled the battlefield Hilal, a Muslim soldier, grabbed Rustam and killed him. Hazrat Farara bin Khattab snatched the Iranian holy flat Khash Qadiani from the Iranian army. Thus the Muslims won the war.
6) Conquest of Midian (Conquest of Median) The Iranian type Yazd Guard ran towards Halwan (place) after the conquest of Median.
7) Battle of Jalwid (Battle of Jalwid) This battle was fought in 637 AD. Hazrat Umar sent Hashim bin Utbah with 12,000 troops to the Iranian fort and defeated him.
8) Occupying Halwan (place) Muslim commanders pushed the Iranian army back to Halwan in Iraq. They captured Halwan. The Yazd Guard sent Harmzan to fight the Muslim army. Harmazan lost the war and surrendered to the Muslims. He converted to Islam and gave the area of Khuristan to the Muslims. After the Battle of Halwan, another fierce battle took place in Nahavand in 640 AD. Hazrat Luqman was the commander of the Muslim army in this war. He defeated the Iranians at Mardan Shah. Yazd's guard fled and Shah Khaqan took refuge in China. After this battle, the Muslims advanced and occupied Hamedan, Tabristan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Paris, Kerman, Sistine and Makran.
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